鉴证实录2

AMD、Google、微软、英伟达宣布Caliptra开源信任根_我的网站

一 |     更重要的是，Caliptra 完全开源，辅以配套的 RTL / 固件。    

    Illustration: Xia Qing/GT
The yen has weakened in recent days, edging closer to the psychologically important 160 level against the US dollar. The decline comes despite the widely watched move by Washington to join Tokyo in supporting the currency. Less than two weeks after the US-Japan intervention, the yen has given up roughly half of its gains, raising fresh questions over the effectiveness of coordinated efforts to stabilize the exchange rate.
Japan and the US had previously confirmed coordinated foreign exchange intervention to prop up the yen after the currency tumbled to a nearly 40-year low. At the time, some observers saw the move as potentially stabilizing the yen in the short term, although its longer-term impact remained uncertain. 
However, the subsequent market reaction suggests that even the short-term effect may have been limited. After strengthening to about 155 per dollar in the days following the intervention from above 163, the yen had slipped back above 159 by Wednesday, less than two weeks later.
Questions have emerged over whether further support for the yen may soon be needed, and whether Washington would consider stepping in again. The previous intervention was seen by some observers as a test of market confidence: the unusual coordinated move had the potential to influence market expectations and discourage bets against the yen. But if market expectations remain largely unchanged, repeated interventions could deliver diminishing returns. The US may face a difficult trade-off. Another intervention could require greater resources and come at a higher cost, while refraining from further action could raise questions over the lasting impact of the previous effort.
Market commentary has added to the uncertainty. Axios published a report headlined "Yen's weakness shows market isn't done pushing," while some reports suggested that the impact of the US-Japan intervention was beginning to fade. Such narratives could weigh on sentiment toward the yen and reinforce market expectations that the currency's weakness may persist.
Washington's involvement in supporting the yen may reflect broader economic and policy considerations. These could include avoiding a scenario in which Japan sells US Treasury holdings to support the currency, as well as concerns that a weaker yen could give Japanese exporters a greater competitive advantage. These possible considerations suggest that the intervention alone does not fully address the underlying forces behind the yen's weakness. This may help explain why the market has so far been reluctant to view the move as a turning point for the currency.
Washington's decision to join the intervention may have reflected concerns, as some observers suggest, that the yen's prolonged weakness had begun to affect US interests. If markets remain unconvinced by the US-Japan intervention, one possible outcome is that Washington could push Japan to take more costly measures to support the yen. Such a scenario could instead create some strain between Washington and Tokyo.
Beyond short-term market dynamics, the yen's weakness also reflects deeper challenges facing the Japanese economy, making a sustained reversal difficult. The currency's prolonged weakness has been influenced by the interest rate gap between Japan and the US, while also reflecting longer-term concerns over the diminishing returns of Japan's traditional growth model.
This leaves Japan facing a delicate policy balance between supporting growth and stabilizing the currency. While lower interest rates could help boost economic activity, continued weakness in the yen may strengthen calls for Japan's central bank to consider further rate increases to narrow the interest rate gap with the US.
Japan's structural challenges mean that a sustained appreciation of the yen will not be easy to achieve. The question of whether to pursue stronger measures, even at the cost of some economic growth, has become more complicated as the US takes a role in the issue. Japan may face greater pressure to support the currency, even though doing so would be difficult and could carry broader economic costs.
The author is a reporter with the Global Times. [email protected]

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二 | 它能够为 SoC 安全配置提供可验证的加密保证，并确保启动代码是可信的。

三 | Caliptra 旨在完全集成到 SoC / ASIC 中，以提供与当今单独的信任根解决方案相媲美的集成安全性，同时它围绕现代边缘 / 机密计算场景的需求而设计。有趣的是，Caliptra 的参考实现，使用了 RISC-V 内核。奇怪的是，虽然红（AMD）蓝（NVIDIA）都已官宣支持 Caliptra，但蓝厂（Intel）却在今日的公告中意外缺席。至于具有 Caliptra 硅信任根的目标，新规范中是这么描述的：在本质上，Caliptra Silicon RoT 的范围是刻意做到极简的，以推动规范定义的敏捷性、最大限度地提高适用性，并且推动行业对齐、一致性和更快地采用基础设备安全原语。一个定义明确的规范，可在最大限度上提升架构的可组合性，跨 CSP、产品和供应商的可重用性，以及开源的可行性。虽然增强功能、高级用例和应用程序超出了本规范的范围，但各方仍可通过硅 RoT 和社区参与的途径，加入到这一开发路线图中。Caliptra 定义了硅内部 RoT 基线的设计标准，满足测量信任根（RTM）角色。并且 Caliptra 的开源实现，推动了 RTM 和锚定硬件证明的测量机制的透明度。需要注意的是，Caliptra Silicon RoT 必须启动 SoC、测量其加载的可变代码，以及控制 SoC 中非易失性配置位的突变。最后，Caliptra Silicon RoT 使用基于独特的“每资产加密熵”的签名证明来报告这些测量结果，因而能够作为 SoC 身份的信任根。感兴趣的朋友，可移步至 OpenCompute.org 官网了解完全开放的 Caliptra 规范。至于更多技术细节，还请留意本周的 OCP（开放计算项目）活动。

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Published on:17:03:08